قاعدة If

قاعدة If لها ثلاث حالات ..

الحالة الأولى:

If  +  Present Simple, will  +  infinitive.

Ex. If he studies hard, he will succeed.

الحالة الثانية:

If  +  Past Simple, would  +  infinitive.

Ex. If he studied hard, he would succeed.

الحالة الثالثة:

If  +  Past Perfect, would have  +  P.P.

Ex. If he had studied hard, he would have succeeded.

Exercise

1- He studies hard. He will succeed.           (Join)

    If he studies hard, he will succeed.

2- Factories close. Many people lose their jobs.            (Join using: If)

    If factories didn’t close, many people wouldn’t lose their jobs.

3- Facories closed. Many people lost their jobs.          (Join using: If)

    If factories hadn’t closed, many people wouldn’t have lost their jobs.

ملاحظات: في الحالات الثانية و الثالثة نفترض عكس الواقع.

Conditional Clauses

* Formation : The three principal sentence patterns using ( if ) or ( unless ) are :

-                                               If ( Present simple ),…will / shall + infinitive.

-                                               If ( Past simple ),…would + infinitive.

-                                               If ( Past perfect ),…would + have + P.P.

N.B. - If the if-clause is in the present simple, the result clause will also be in the

           present simple,  provided that the sentence is expressing a fact.

                         - For unlikely or improbable conditions, use ( were ) instead of (was).

                         - Sometimes conditions are expressed by inversion with the use of

                                 ( Were / Had / Should ) + Subject…

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Examples

1-If you invite her, she ( come ).

 *If you invite her, she will come.

2-If it remained fine, we ( go ) for a swim.

 *If it remained fine, we would go for a swim.

3-Unless you guide me, I ( be ) quite at a loss.

 *Unless you guide me, I will be quite at a loss.

 4-If I ( be ) you, I wouldn’t apologize.

 *If I were you, I wouldn’t apologize.

 5-Were I rich, I ( buy ) an aeroplane.

 *Were I rich, I would buy an aeroplane.

 6-Should they arrive late, it ( be ) difficult to find them room.

 *Should they arrive late, it would be difficult to find them room.

 7-Had I studied harder, I ( pass ) the test.

 *Had I studied harder, I would have passed the test.

 8-If metals are heated, they ( expand ).

 *If metals are heated, they expand.

 9-I would be pleased if you ( come ).

 *I would be pleased if you came.

   10-If I had met him, I ( tell ) him the truth.

*If I had met him, I would have told him the truth.